01
Overview
Mitral regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve fails to close completely, allowing blood to flow back into the left atrium during ventricular systole.
02
Clinical Features
Chronic disease may remain asymptomatic for years before producing dyspnea, fatigue, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure.
A pansystolic murmur is typically best heard at the apex and may radiate toward the axilla.
03
Investigation
Echocardiography defines the mechanism and severity of regurgitation and assesses left atrial and ventricular remodeling.
04
Management
Management depends on the severity, symptoms, ventricular response, and likelihood of durable repair. Selected patients benefit from surgical or transcatheter intervention.
05
Clinical Pearls
REMEMBER
Think pansystolic murmur at the apex when considering mitral regurgitation.
END OF REVIEW
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