Overview
HFpEF is a clinical syndrome in which heart failure symptoms and signs occur despite a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
Diastolic dysfunction and abnormal ventricular filling are important components of the pathophysiology.
Risk Factors
Common associations include older age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and chronic kidney disease.
Clinical Features
Symptoms may resemble other forms of heart failure, including exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, edema, and reduced exercise tolerance.
Investigation & Management
Echocardiography assesses diastolic indices, ventricular structure, left atrial size, and pulmonary pressures in addition to ejection fraction.
Management emphasizes congestion control, cardiovascular risk factor treatment, and disease-specific therapies when appropriate.
Clinical Pearls
A normal ejection fraction does not exclude heart failure.
END OF REVIEW
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